Which motivational category of terrorism seeks political autonomy or independence?

The category of terrorism that seeks political autonomy or independence is best represented by the term "Separatist." This type of terrorism is primarily driven by groups that aim to establish an independent state or attain self-governance due to a perceived ethnic, cultural, or national identity distinct from the larger state. Separatist movements often arise in regions where certain populations feel marginalized or oppressed by the central government and believe that their interests would be better served through autonomy or complete independence.

In contrast, while nationalistic movements (mentioned in another option) can also seek autonomy or independence, they are more broadly focused on expressing or promoting national pride and identity, which may not necessarily involve violent actions or terrorism. Ethnocentric terrorism focuses on promoting the interests of a specific ethnic group but does not always equate to a demand for separation or independence. Revolutionary terrorism, on the other hand, generally aims at overthrowing a government or societal structure entirely rather than seeking autonomy for a specific group within an existing system.

These distinctions clarify why "Separatist" is the most accurate answer, as it directly addresses the goal of achieving political autonomy or independence through potentially violent means.